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July 1952, Vol 84, No. 1 >
Article | July 1952

PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE LEVELS IN NORMAL AND IN DIABETIC CHILDREN FREE

T. S. DANOWSKI, M.D.; SUZANNE J. HUFF, M.A.; LORAINE H. ERHARD, M.D.; MARJORIE PRICE, M.D.; MINA BROWN, M.A.; PATRICIA WIRTH, M.S.; S. S. STEVENSON, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, and an institutional grant from the Damon Runyon Fund.


AMA Am J Dis Child. 1952;84(1):5. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1952.02050010021002.
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References
Comments

THE DEVELOPMENT of reliable semimicroanalytic procedures has permitted more precise studies of the circulating iodine fractions.1 As a consequence, much of the confusion resulting from methodologic inadequacies and from the use of blood instead of serum samples has been eliminated. In brief, applications of these methods have revealed that the level of serum inorganic iodide in healthy adults varies, as might be expected, with the intake of this halide, but with an ordinary diet it only infrequently exceeds 1 Îł per 100 ml.2 The major fraction, called protein-bound or serum-precipitable iodine, ranges in euthyroid adults between 4 and 8 Îł per 100 ml.,3 remains quite constant in any one person from week to week.4 and from the point of view of solubility, behaves like thyroxine.5 Thyrotoxicosis6 and uncomplicated pregnancy7 are characterized by elevations of both protein-bound iodine and of thyroxine.8 Hypothyroidism, or

REFERENCES

1 +
Riggs, D. S., and Man, E. B.:  A Permanganate Acid Ashing Micromethod for Iodine Determinations: Values in Blood of Normal Subjects , J. Biol. Chem. 134:193-211 ( (June) ) 1940;.
2 +
Man, E. B.; Smirnow, A. W.; Gildea, E. F., and Peters, J. P.:  Serum Iodine Fractions in Hyperthyroidism , J. Clin. Invest. 21:773-780 ( (Nov.) ) 1942;.
3 +
Barker, S. B.:  Determination of Protein-Bound Iodine , J. Biol. Chem. 173:715-724 ( (April) ) 1948;.
4 +
Connor, A. C.; Curtis, G. M., and Swenson, R. E.:  A Simplified Method for the Determination of the Protein-Bound Iodine and Its Clinical Application , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:1185-1189 ( (Nov.) ) 1949;.
5 +
Man and others.1b
6 +
Danowski, T. S.; Mateer, F.; Weigand, F. A.; Peters, J. H., and Greenman, J. H.:  Serum Iodine Fractions in Subjects Receiving Potassium Iodide in Small Dosage , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 10:532-539 ( (May) ) 1950;.
7 +
Winkler, A. W., in Duncan, G. G.: Diseases of Metabolism , Ed. 2, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1947;, pp. 896-938.
8 +
Danowski, T. S.; Hedenburg, S., and Greenman, J. H.:  The Constancy of the Serum Precipitable or Protein-Bound Iodine in Healthy Adults , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:768-773 ( (Aug.) ) 1949;.
9 +
Danowski, T. S.; Gow, R. C.; Mateer, F. M.; Everhart, W. C.; Johnston, S. Y., and Greenman, J. H.:  Increases in Serum Thyroxin During Uncomplicated Pregnancy , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 74:323-326 ( (June) ) 1950;.
10 +
Winkler, A. W.; Riggs, D. S.; Thompson, K. W., and Man, E. B.:  Serum Iodine in Hyperthyroidism, with Particular Reference to the Effects of Subtotal Thyroidectomy , J. Clin. Invest. 25:404-412 ( (May) ) 1946;.
11 +
Danowski and others.5
12 +
Heinemann, M.; Johnson, C. E., and Man, E. B.:  Serum Precipitable Iodine Concentrations During Pregnancy , J. Clin. Invest. 27:91-97 ( (Jan.) ) 1948;.
13 +
Danowski, T. S.:  New Facts Concerning Thyroid Physiology as Revealed by Studies of Circulating Iodine Fractions , M. Rec. & Ann. 46:923-926 ( (April) ) 1952;.
14 +
Winkler, A. W.; Riggs, D. S., and Man, E. B.:  Serum Iodine in Hypothyroidism Before and During Thyroid Therapy , J. Clin. Invest. 24:732-741 ( (Sept.) ) 1945;.
15 +
Peters, J. P., and Man, E. B.:  The Relation of Albumin to Precipitable Iodine of Serum , J. Clin. Invest. 27:397-405 ( (July) ) 1948;.
16 +
Man, E. B., and Peters, J. P.:  Artifactual Values of Serum Precipitable Iodine , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 35:280-283 ( (Feb.) ) 1950;.
17 +
Danowski and others.2b
18 +
Danowski, T. S.; Johnston, S. Y., and Greenman, J. H.:  Alterations in Serum Iodine Fractions Induced by the Administration of Inorganic Iodide in Massive Dosage , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 10:519-531 ( (May) ) 1950;.
19 +
Danowski, T. S.; Johnston, S. Y.; Price, W. C.; McKelvy, M.; Stevenson, S. S., and McCluskey, E. R.:  Protein-Bound Iodine in Infants from Birth to One Year of Age , Pediatrics 7:240-244 ( (Feb.) ) 1951;.
20 +
Talbot, N. B.; Butler, A. M.; Saltzman, A. H., and Rodriguez, P. M.:  Colorimetric Estimation of Protein-Bound Serum Iodine , J. Biol. Chem. 153:479-488 ( (May) ) 1944;.
21 +
Man, E. B.; Culotta, C. S.; Siegfried, D. A., and Stilson, C.:  Serum Precipitable Iodines in Recognition of Cretinism and in Control of Thyroid Medication , J. Pediat. 31:154-160 ( (Aug.) ) 1947;.
22 +
The cooperation of the Board and the personnel of the Protestant Home for Children is acknowledged.
23 +
Majoor, C. L. H.:  The Possibility of Detecting Individual Proteins in Blood Serum by Differentiation of Solubility Curves in Concentrated Sodium Sulfate Solutions: II. Comparison of Solubility Curves with Results of Electrophoresis Experiments , J. Biol. Chem. 169:583-594 ( (Aug.) ) 1947;.
24 +
Milne, J.:  Serum Protein Fractionation: A Comparison of Sodium Sulfate Precipitation and Electrophoresis , J. Biol. Chem. 169:595-599 ( (Aug.) ) 1947;.
25 +
Danowski, T. S., and Gilmore, G. H.:  Relationships Between Serum Water or Weight and Protein Concentration , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 35:67-75 ( (Jan.) ) 1950;.
26 +
Stuart, H. C., and Stevenson, S. S.:  Care and Evaluation of Well Children: Physical Growth and Development , in Mitchell-Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics , edited by W. E. Nelson, Ed. 5, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1950;, pp. 14-59.
27 +
Means, J. H.: The Thyroid and Its Diseases , Ed. 2, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1948;.
28 +
Shock, N. W.:  Physiological Changes in Adolescence , in Adolescence , Forty-Third Yearbook, National Society for the Study of Education: (Pt. I) . Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1944;, pp. 56-79.
29 +
Joslin, E. P.; Root, H. F.; White, P.; Marble, A., and Bailey, C. C.: The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus , Ed. 8, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1947;.
30 +
Greenman, L.; Danowski, T. S.; Rosenbloom, M., and Holt, J.:  17-Ketosteroid Excretion During Therapy of Diabetic Acidosis , Federation Proc. 10:55 ( (March) ) 1951;.
31 +
Greenman, L., and Danowski, T. S.: Unpublished data.
32 +
Hardy, J. D.; Riegel, C., and Erisman, E. P.:  Experience with Protein-Bound Iodine (P.B.I.): Effect of ACTH and Cortisone on Thyroid Function , Am. J. M. Sc. 220:290-292 ( (Sept.) ) 1950;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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References

1 +
Riggs, D. S., and Man, E. B.:  A Permanganate Acid Ashing Micromethod for Iodine Determinations: Values in Blood of Normal Subjects , J. Biol. Chem. 134:193-211 ( (June) ) 1940;.
2 +
Man, E. B.; Smirnow, A. W.; Gildea, E. F., and Peters, J. P.:  Serum Iodine Fractions in Hyperthyroidism , J. Clin. Invest. 21:773-780 ( (Nov.) ) 1942;.
3 +
Barker, S. B.:  Determination of Protein-Bound Iodine , J. Biol. Chem. 173:715-724 ( (April) ) 1948;.
4 +
Connor, A. C.; Curtis, G. M., and Swenson, R. E.:  A Simplified Method for the Determination of the Protein-Bound Iodine and Its Clinical Application , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:1185-1189 ( (Nov.) ) 1949;.
5 +
Man and others.1b
6 +
Danowski, T. S.; Mateer, F.; Weigand, F. A.; Peters, J. H., and Greenman, J. H.:  Serum Iodine Fractions in Subjects Receiving Potassium Iodide in Small Dosage , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 10:532-539 ( (May) ) 1950;.
7 +
Winkler, A. W., in Duncan, G. G.: Diseases of Metabolism , Ed. 2, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1947;, pp. 896-938.
8 +
Danowski, T. S.; Hedenburg, S., and Greenman, J. H.:  The Constancy of the Serum Precipitable or Protein-Bound Iodine in Healthy Adults , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:768-773 ( (Aug.) ) 1949;.
9 +
Danowski, T. S.; Gow, R. C.; Mateer, F. M.; Everhart, W. C.; Johnston, S. Y., and Greenman, J. H.:  Increases in Serum Thyroxin During Uncomplicated Pregnancy , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 74:323-326 ( (June) ) 1950;.
10 +
Winkler, A. W.; Riggs, D. S.; Thompson, K. W., and Man, E. B.:  Serum Iodine in Hyperthyroidism, with Particular Reference to the Effects of Subtotal Thyroidectomy , J. Clin. Invest. 25:404-412 ( (May) ) 1946;.
11 +
Danowski and others.5
12 +
Heinemann, M.; Johnson, C. E., and Man, E. B.:  Serum Precipitable Iodine Concentrations During Pregnancy , J. Clin. Invest. 27:91-97 ( (Jan.) ) 1948;.
13 +
Danowski, T. S.:  New Facts Concerning Thyroid Physiology as Revealed by Studies of Circulating Iodine Fractions , M. Rec. & Ann. 46:923-926 ( (April) ) 1952;.
14 +
Winkler, A. W.; Riggs, D. S., and Man, E. B.:  Serum Iodine in Hypothyroidism Before and During Thyroid Therapy , J. Clin. Invest. 24:732-741 ( (Sept.) ) 1945;.
15 +
Peters, J. P., and Man, E. B.:  The Relation of Albumin to Precipitable Iodine of Serum , J. Clin. Invest. 27:397-405 ( (July) ) 1948;.
16 +
Man, E. B., and Peters, J. P.:  Artifactual Values of Serum Precipitable Iodine , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 35:280-283 ( (Feb.) ) 1950;.
17 +
Danowski and others.2b
18 +
Danowski, T. S.; Johnston, S. Y., and Greenman, J. H.:  Alterations in Serum Iodine Fractions Induced by the Administration of Inorganic Iodide in Massive Dosage , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 10:519-531 ( (May) ) 1950;.
19 +
Danowski, T. S.; Johnston, S. Y.; Price, W. C.; McKelvy, M.; Stevenson, S. S., and McCluskey, E. R.:  Protein-Bound Iodine in Infants from Birth to One Year of Age , Pediatrics 7:240-244 ( (Feb.) ) 1951;.
20 +
Talbot, N. B.; Butler, A. M.; Saltzman, A. H., and Rodriguez, P. M.:  Colorimetric Estimation of Protein-Bound Serum Iodine , J. Biol. Chem. 153:479-488 ( (May) ) 1944;.
21 +
Man, E. B.; Culotta, C. S.; Siegfried, D. A., and Stilson, C.:  Serum Precipitable Iodines in Recognition of Cretinism and in Control of Thyroid Medication , J. Pediat. 31:154-160 ( (Aug.) ) 1947;.
22 +
The cooperation of the Board and the personnel of the Protestant Home for Children is acknowledged.
23 +
Majoor, C. L. H.:  The Possibility of Detecting Individual Proteins in Blood Serum by Differentiation of Solubility Curves in Concentrated Sodium Sulfate Solutions: II. Comparison of Solubility Curves with Results of Electrophoresis Experiments , J. Biol. Chem. 169:583-594 ( (Aug.) ) 1947;.
24 +
Milne, J.:  Serum Protein Fractionation: A Comparison of Sodium Sulfate Precipitation and Electrophoresis , J. Biol. Chem. 169:595-599 ( (Aug.) ) 1947;.
25 +
Danowski, T. S., and Gilmore, G. H.:  Relationships Between Serum Water or Weight and Protein Concentration , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 35:67-75 ( (Jan.) ) 1950;.
26 +
Stuart, H. C., and Stevenson, S. S.:  Care and Evaluation of Well Children: Physical Growth and Development , in Mitchell-Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics , edited by W. E. Nelson, Ed. 5, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1950;, pp. 14-59.
27 +
Means, J. H.: The Thyroid and Its Diseases , Ed. 2, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1948;.
28 +
Shock, N. W.:  Physiological Changes in Adolescence , in Adolescence , Forty-Third Yearbook, National Society for the Study of Education: (Pt. I) . Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1944;, pp. 56-79.
29 +
Joslin, E. P.; Root, H. F.; White, P.; Marble, A., and Bailey, C. C.: The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus , Ed. 8, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1947;.
30 +
Greenman, L.; Danowski, T. S.; Rosenbloom, M., and Holt, J.:  17-Ketosteroid Excretion During Therapy of Diabetic Acidosis , Federation Proc. 10:55 ( (March) ) 1951;.
31 +
Greenman, L., and Danowski, T. S.: Unpublished data.
32 +
Hardy, J. D.; Riegel, C., and Erisman, E. P.:  Experience with Protein-Bound Iodine (P.B.I.): Effect of ACTH and Cortisone on Thyroid Function , Am. J. M. Sc. 220:290-292 ( (Sept.) ) 1950;.

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