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November 2001, Vol 155, No. 11 >
Special Feature | November 2001

Radiological Case of the Month FREE

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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155(11):1273-1274. doi:10.1001/archpedi.155.11.1273.
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DENOUEMENT AND DISCUSSION: HYPERTROPHIC GASTROPATHY WITH EDEMA

Figure 1. Abdominal ultasound shows marked thickening of gastric rugae.
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A diagnosis of hypertrophic gastropathy with cytomegalovirus infection was made. Hypertrophic gastropathy of childhood has been reported in children with a mean age of 5 years. The initial symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and anorexia. On physical examination, peripheral edema is usually present. Laboratory results show low serum albumin and protein-losing enteropathy proven by analysis of chromium-labeled albumin or stool α1-antitrypsin.

There are 2 diagnostic criteria for hypertrophic gastropathy: (1) giant gastric rugae by imaging, endoscopy, or laparotomy; and (2) characteristic histologic findings of foveolar hyperplasia and cystic dilation of submucosal glands.

The appearance of hypertrophic gastropathy has been analyzed by endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopy in previous studies. In the study by Hizawa et al,1 every patient had giant gastric folds 13 to 20 mm in diameter resulting from thickening of the mucosal layer with or without cystic components. By ultrasound study, the thickened mucosa was echogenic and Helicobacter pylori was the causative agent in most adult patients. Approximately 55 cases of hypertropic gastropathy in children have been published. In contrast to the chronic course of Ménétrier disease in adults, the pediatric cases are generally benign, self-limited, and show complete resolution within a few weeks.2 The benign pediatric hypertrophic gastropathies have been associated with infections, primarily cytomegalovirus3 and occasionally H pylori, herpes simplex, and mycoplasma.2,4

Abdominal scintigraphy using technetium Tc 99m-labeled human serum albumin delivered intravenously and direct measurement of protein in gastric juice has proven that serum proteins are massively secreted in the stomach.5 Supportive treatment with a high-protein diet and intravenous albumin transfusions is recommended. H2-receptor antagonist use may improve symptoms.2,6
1 +
Hizawa  KKawasaki  MYao  T  et al.  Endoscopic ultrasound features of protein-losing gastropathy with hypertrophic gastric folds. Endoscopy. 2000;32394- 397
2 +
Kindermann  AKoletzko  S Protein-losing giant fold gastritis in childhood—a case report and differentiation from Menetrier disease of adulthood. Z Gastroenterol. 1998;36165- 171
3 +
Eisenstat  DDGriffiths  AMCutz  EPetric  MDrumm  B Acute cytomegalovirus infection in a child with Menetrier's disease. Gastroenterology. 1995;109592- 595
4 +
Ben Amitai  DZahavi  IDinari  GGarty  BZ Transient protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1992;14237- 239
5 +
Yamada  MSumazaki  RAdachi  H  et al.  Resolution of protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy by eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Pediatr. 1997;156182- 185
6 +
Kaneko  TAkamatsu  TGotoh  A  et al.  Remission of Ménétriér's disease after a prolonged period with therapeutic eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94272- 273

Reprints: Moshe Nussinovitch, MD, Department of Paediatrics C, Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel.

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References

1 +
Hizawa  KKawasaki  MYao  T  et al.  Endoscopic ultrasound features of protein-losing gastropathy with hypertrophic gastric folds. Endoscopy. 2000;32394- 397
2 +
Kindermann  AKoletzko  S Protein-losing giant fold gastritis in childhood—a case report and differentiation from Menetrier disease of adulthood. Z Gastroenterol. 1998;36165- 171
3 +
Eisenstat  DDGriffiths  AMCutz  EPetric  MDrumm  B Acute cytomegalovirus infection in a child with Menetrier's disease. Gastroenterology. 1995;109592- 595
4 +
Ben Amitai  DZahavi  IDinari  GGarty  BZ Transient protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1992;14237- 239
5 +
Yamada  MSumazaki  RAdachi  H  et al.  Resolution of protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy by eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Pediatr. 1997;156182- 185
6 +
Kaneko  TAkamatsu  TGotoh  A  et al.  Remission of Ménétriér's disease after a prolonged period with therapeutic eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94272- 273

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